Relação entre níveis de fumonisina B1 e ácido fólico em farinha de milho e a concentração de ácido fólico no soro humano / Relationship between fumonisin B1 and folic acid levels in foods and the folic acid concentration in human serum

Neste trabalho foram determinados os níveis de ácido fólico e de fumonisina B1 (FB1) em farinha de milho consumida por 24 voluntários residentes em um campus universitário no estado de São Paulo, bem como sua relação com as concentrações de ácido fólico sérico nos indivíduos. As análises de ácido fólico e de FB1 em farinha de milho foram realizadas por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (CLAE), enquanto a determinação de ácido fólico sérico foi feita por kit de imunoensaio. Detectou-se a FB1 em 100% das amostras de farinha de milho, em níveis que variaram de 142 a 3.037 µg kg-1 (média: 738 ± 591 µg kg-1). As concentrações de ácido fólico nas amostras de farinha de milho ficaram entre < 0,3 µg kg-1 (limite de quantificação) e 1.705 µg kg-1, com média de 713 ± 435 µg kg-1, o que representa 47% do limite mínimo exigido pela Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA) para farinhas de milho comercialmente disponíveis. Nas amostras de soro humano, os níveis de ácido fólico variaram de 6,7 a 24,0 ng mL-1 (média: 13,4 ± 5,4 ng mL-1). Não houve correlação (p < 0,05) entre os níveis de ácido fólico no soro dos indivíduos e as concentrações de FB1 ou ácido fólico nas amostras de farinha de milho. Outros estudos são necessários para estimar a ingestão total de FB1 por meio da dieta para averiguar os efeitos das fumonisinas sobre a absorção de ácido fólico nos indivíduos avaliados.(AU)

In the present study, folic acid and fumonisin B1 (FB1) levels were determined in corn flour consumed by 24 volunteers, residents in a university campus in São Paulo State, as well as its relationship with folic acid in serum of individuals. Analyses of folic acid and FB1 in corn flour were performed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), while the determination of folic acid in serum was accomplished using an immunoassay kit. FB1 was detected in 100% of corn samples, at levels ranging from 142 to 3,037 µg kg-1 (which means: 738 ± 591 µg kg-1). The concentrations of folic acid in corn flour samples ranged from < 0.3 µg kg-1 (limit of quantification) to 1,705 µg kg-1, with a mean of 713 ± 435 µg kg-1, which represents 47% of the minimum required by National Agency of Health Surveillance (ANVISA) for corn flour commercially available. The levels of folic acid in human serum samples ranged from 6.7 to 24.0 ng mL-1 (meaning: 13.4 ± 5.4 ng mL-1). No correlations were observed (p < 0.05) between the folic acid levels in serum of individuals and the concentrations of FB1 or folic acid in corn flour samples. Further studies are needed to estimate the total intake of FB1 in the diet to assess the effects fumonisins on the absorption of folic acid in the individuals evaluated.(AU)

Inhibition of carrageenan-induced acute inflammation in mice by oral administration of anthocyanin mixture from wild mulberry and cyanidin-3-glucoside.

Anthocyanins are flavonoids which demonstrated biological activities in in vivo and in vitro models. Here in the anti-inflammatory properties of an anthocyanin-enriched fraction (AF) extracted from wild mulberry and the cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G), the most abundant anthocyanin in diet, were studied in two acute inflammation experimental models, in the peritonitis and in the paw oedema assays, both of which were induced by carrageenan (cg) in mice. In each trial, AF and C3G (4 mg/100 g/animal) were orally administered in two distinct protocols: 30 min before and 1 h after cg stimulus. The administration of both AF and C3G suppresses the paw oedema in both administration times (P < 0.05). In the peritonitis, AF and C3G reduced the polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) influx in the peritoneal exudates when administered 1 h after cg injection. AF was more efficient reducing the PMN when administered 30 min before cg. Both AF and C3G were found to suppress mRNA as well as protein levels of COX-2 upregulated by cg in both protocols, but the inhibitory effect on PGE2 production in the peritoneal exudates was observed when administered 30 min before cg (P < 0.05). Our findings suggest that AF and C3G minimize acute inflammation and they present positive contributions as dietary supplements.